Security Auditing:
Security auditing is a systematic examination of an organization's information systems, processes, and policies to assess the effectiveness of security controls, ensure compliance with security standards, and identify potential vulnerabilities.
1. Policy and Compliance Audits:
- Evaluate adherence to security policies and industry compliance standards (e.g., ISO 27001, NIST, GDPR).
- Ensure that security controls align with regulatory requirements.
2. Access Controls and Permissions:
- Review user access permissions and roles.
- Verify that access controls are configured correctly and in line with the principle of least privilege.
3. Network Security Audits:
- Assess the configuration of firewalls, routers, and intrusion detection/prevention systems.
- Evaluate network segmentation and isolation.
4. Vulnerability Assessments:
- Identify and assess vulnerabilities in software, applications, and systems.
- Prioritize vulnerabilities based on risk and potential impact.
Penetration Testing:
Penetration testing, often referred to as ethical hacking, involves simulating real-world cyberattacks to identify and exploit vulnerabilities in a controlled environment. The goal is to assess the security posture of systems, networks, and applications.
1. Reconnaissance:
- Gather information about the target systems and network infrastructure.
- Identify potential entry points and attack vectors.
2. Scanning:
- Use automated tools to scan for open ports, services, and vulnerabilities.
- Identify weaknesses that could be exploited during an attack.
3. Gaining Access:
- Attempt to exploit vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access.
- Test the effectiveness of access controls and authentication mechanisms.
4. Maintaining Access:
- Assess the ability to maintain access once initial entry has been achieved.
- Simulate the actions of a real attacker to determine persistence.
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